Military installations and armament manufacturers have experienced closures for the last several years due to the nonproliferation treaties and disarmament agreements. These closures have resulted in munitions being disposed through combustion, thus causing major environmental problems in the soil and groundwater quality. Surrounding land and groundwater have been found to be laden with explosive residues such as 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and associated nitroamine impurities. Target compounds include nitroaromatics, nitramines, and nitrate esters, which present health concerns due to their carcinogenic, mutagenic, and toxic effects.
United States
